Adenomyosis is a benign gynecologic condition in which endometrial tissue grows abnormally within the muscular wall of the uterus. Its clinical manifestations vary among individuals, and some patients may have no obvious symptoms at all.
The classic triad of adenomyosis includes:
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Dysmenorrhea Progressive, severe menstrual pain is the most typical symptom. Pain often begins a few days before menstruation, peaks during the period, and may persist after menstruation ends. It is caused by uterine contractions stimulated by ectopic endometrial tissue during the menstrual cycle.
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Abnormal uterine bleeding Mainly表现为 heavy menstrual flow, prolonged menstrual periods, or irregular vaginal bleeding. Chronic heavy bleeding can lead to secondary anemia, with symptoms such as fatigue, paleness, and shortness of breath.
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Uterine enlargement The uterus is usually diffusely, symmetrically enlarged, often soft on palpation. Some women may feel a heavy, swollen sensation in the lower abdomen.
Other possible symptoms include:
- Pelvic pressure or pain
- Pain during sexual intercourse (dyspareunia)
- Infertility or difficulty conceiving
- Lower back pain
Symptoms typically worsen with age and often improve significantly after menopause, when estrogen levels decline.