Early-stage breast cancer often has no obvious symptoms, which is why regular screening is so important. As the tumor grows, the following signs and symptoms may appear:
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A painless breast lump This is the most common first symptom. The lump is usually hard, with an irregular surface, poorly defined borders, and difficult to move. Most lumps are not painful.
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Changes in breast shape or size Unilateral breast enlargement, local swelling, shrinkage, or asymmetry compared with the other breast.
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Nipple changes Includes recent nipple retraction, deviation, erosion, or persistent crusting.
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Abnormal nipple discharge Spontaneous discharge, especially bloody, serous, or watery fluid, from one nipple without pregnancy or breastfeeding.
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Skin changes
- Dimpling (orange-peel skin, peau d’orange)
- Local skin redness, thickening, or edema
- Skin tethering or puckering
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Pain or discomfort Some patients feel dull pain, swelling, or tenderness in the breast, although pain is not a typical early sign.
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Enlarged axillary lymph nodes Painless, hard, or matted nodes in the armpit may indicate lymph node involvement.
Inflammatory breast cancer may present with rapid breast redness, warmth, and swelling, often mistaken for infection.