Early-stage cervical cancer often produces no obvious symptoms, which is why regular screening is critical. When symptoms do appear, they typically include the following:
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Abnormal vaginal bleeding This is the most common symptom. It may include bleeding after sexual intercourse, bleeding between menstrual periods, postmenopausal bleeding, or unusually heavy or prolonged menstrual flow.
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Abnormal vaginal discharge Increased discharge that may be watery, white, yellow, bloody, or foul-smelling. In advanced cases, the discharge may contain necrotic tissue.
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Pelvic pain or lower back pain Persistent pain in the lower abdomen or pelvic region, or radiating pain to the lower back and legs.
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Pain during sexual intercourse (dyspareunia) Discomfort or pain during or after sex, often due to cervical tissue involvement.
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Symptoms of advanced disease Urinary or bowel symptoms such as frequent urination, constipation, hematuria, or rectal bleeding. Severe cases may involve anemia, weight loss, swelling of the legs, or hydronephrosis.