Statistics show that women with cervical erosion have a 7 to 12 times higher risk of developing cervical cancer than those without. Therefore, this condition must be treated thoroughly until fully cured.
Based on clinical experience, among various gynecological disorders, five conditions carry a relatively high risk of malignant transformation.
1. Cervical Erosion
Cervical erosion is a common disorder among married women, mostly caused by cervical injury during childbirth, abortion, or surgical procedures, as well as poor hygiene during the puerperium and menstrual periods leading to bacterial infection. As noted above, the risk of cervical cancer is 7–12 times higher in women with cervical erosion, so active and complete treatment is essential.
2. Endometrial Hyperplasia
Although endometrial hyperplasia is a benign condition, the adenomatous type, especially with severe proliferation, may progress to endometrial cancer. Close follow-up and timely treatment are strongly recommended for these patients.
3. Hydatidiform Mole
Hydatidiform mole has a very high malignant transformation rate. Approximately 7% to 16% of patients may develop choriocarcinoma or malignant mole. Once diagnosed, close monitoring is required; any suspicious changes warrant prompt surgical intervention.
4. Breast Hyperplasia
Cystic hyperplasia, intraductal papilloma, and fibroadenoma of the breast are benign lesions, but some may undergo malignant transformation, especially in women with a family history of breast cancer. Regular monitoring is necessary. Urgent medical evaluation is needed if the mass grows rapidly, hardens, or is accompanied by bloody nipple discharge.
5. Vulvar Pigmented Nevi
Vulvar nevi are dark spots on the vulvar skin, which may be smooth, rough, or hairy. They are more prone to malignancy than nevi elsewhere due to frequent friction, irritation, and sensitivity to sex hormones, often enlarging and darkening during puberty and pregnancy. Reports indicate that 40%–80% of malignant melanomas arise from preexisting nevi. Prophylactic surgical removal is generally recommended to prevent malignant change.