This article introduces four main clinical methods for evaluating uterine and endometrial function: diagnostic curettage, hysterosalpingography, hysteroscopy, and hormonal withdrawal tests. These tests help assess uterine anatomy, detect adhesions, tuberculosis, or malformations, and determine whether menstrual disorders stem from endometrial dysfunction or hormonal imbalance.
This article introduces the evolving definition of health by the World Health Organization (WHO), from the three‑dimensional 1948 concept to the four‑dimensional 1990 version including moral health. It explains measurable physical health standards, the characteristics and importance of mental health, modern views on adding economic factors, and Freud’s classic understanding of mental health as the ability to love and work.
This article introduces five common benign gynecological and breast conditions that carry a significant risk of developing into cancer: cervical erosion, endometrial hyperplasia, hydatidiform mole, breast hyperplasia, and vulvar pigmented nevi. It explains their malignant potential, associated risk ratios, and clinical recommendations for close monitoring, regular screening, and early treatment to prevent cancer progression.
This article describes the remarkable elasticity and adaptability of the human uterus throughout a woman’s lifespan. It changes dramatically in size from childhood to adulthood and pregnancy, expanding nearly 6000 times in volume to accommodate a fetus and then contracting back to normal after childbirth. Supported by hormone-responsive endometrium and strong elastic smooth muscle, the uterus fulfills essential roles in menstruation, fertilization, pregnancy, and delivery.
This article reveals that over 600,000 American women receive hysterectomies for uterine fibroids each year without fully understanding alternative treatments. Through the experience of Beverly Johnson, it shows that unnecessary hysterectomy can lead to sudden menopause and physical distress. Experts emphasize that hysterectomy should not be the first choice, and women should be informed of options such as myomectomy, UAE, medication, and watchful waiting. New programs are being promoted to improve research and patient education to support informed decision-making.
This article explains what a hysterectomy is, its role as a definitive treatment for uterine fibroids, common indications for surgery, and the main surgical approaches including abdominal, vaginal, and laparoscopic methods. It also clarifies the effects on menopause when ovaries are preserved, notes potential surgical risks, and describes the typical multi-week postoperative recovery process.
This article discusses the overuse of hysterectomy in clinical practice and its potential negative impacts. Although hysterectomy is a common and technically mature procedure, many cases are performed unnecessarily, even for benign conditions like uterine fibroids with very low malignant risk. Unnecessary hysterectomy causes surgical trauma, carries complication and anesthesia risks, and may reduce ovarian blood supply, leading to premature menopause and accelerated aging. The text emphasizes caution against hasty or prophylactic hysterectomy.
Hysterectomy is overused in gynecological practice, often performed for non-medical reasons or as a proactive measure even when less invasive treatments exist. Uterine fibroids, a highly prevalent benign condition, are frequently managed with hysterectomy despite modern non-surgical options. This article outlines the risks and harms of unnecessary hysterectomy, including surgical trauma, potential complications, anesthesia risks, and impaired ovarian function leading to premature menopause. It advocates for cautious decision-making and avoiding hasty removal of the uterus.
The uterus, the organ responsible for nurturing new life, undergoes a series of significant changes during sexual response. In ancient medicine, it was referred to as the baogong (womb) or female womb.
